Enter a value, pick a unit, read every equivalent. Click any result to copy.
| N | 100000 |
| kN | 100 |
| kgf | 10197.2 |
| tonne-f | 10.1972 |
| lbf | 22480.9 |
| kip | 22.4809 |
kgf/tonne-f use g = 9.80665 m/s². Unit-weight conversions (kN/m³ ↔ kg/m³) also use g. Need section properties instead? Try the Section Lookup.
How the Engineering Unit Converter works
Indian practice still mixes SI units with the older MKS system: soil reports quote t/m² or kg/cm², older drawings give moments in t·m, and imported specifications use psi, ksi and kip·ft. This converter covers the eight quantities structural engineers convert most: force, moment, stress and pressure, second moment of area, distributed load, unit weight and density, length and area.
Pick a category, enter a value and choose its unit. The value is multiplied by that unit's factor to reach the category's base unit (N, N·m, Pa, mm⁴, N/m, kg/m³, mm or mm²), then divided by each other unit's factor, so every equivalent is listed at once. Click any row to copy it.
Gravity-based units (kgf, tonne-f, kgf/cm², t/m²) use standard gravity g = 9.80665 m/s², and the same g links kN/m³ to kg/m³. Results are shown to six significant figures; very large or very small numbers switch to exponential form.
The area category also converts land units: square feet, square yards (gaj), acres (43,560 ft²), hectares (10,000 m²), decimals and cents (1/100 acre), gunthas (1/40 acre) and each state's bigha, katha, dhur, chatak, lessa, kanal or marla. Pick the state and every regional row shows its basis, such as 1 katha = 1,361.25 ft² in Bihar (Patna standard). Regional sizes vary by district, so check the khatiyan or jamabandi before a transaction. "Use in bye-laws check" opens the bye-laws check with the plot area filled in.
- General conversion
- value_to = value_from × factor_from / factor_to
- Kilogram-force
- 1 kgf = 9.80665 N, 1 tonne-f = 9806.65 N
- kgf/cm²
- 1 kgf/cm² = 98,066.5 Pa = 98.0665 kN/m²
- t/m²
- 1 t/m² = 9806.65 Pa = 9.80665 kN/m²
- psi
- 1 psi = 6894.757 Pa, 1 ksi = 6.894757 N/mm²
- Unit weight to density
- 1 kN/m³ = 1000 / 9.80665 = 101.972 kg/m³
- Second moment of area
- 1 cm⁴ = 10⁴ mm⁴, 1 m⁴ = 10¹² mm⁴, 1 in⁴ = 25.4⁴ mm⁴
- Land area
- 1 acre = 43,560 ft² = 4046.86 m², 1 hectare = 10,000 m², 1 decimal = 435.6 ft², 1 ft² = 0.09290304 m²
- Bihar (Patna standard)
- 1 bigha = 20 katha = 27,225 ft², 1 katha = 20 dhur = 1,361.25 ft²
Worked example: safe bearing capacity from kN/m² to kg/cm² and t/m²
Given
- Safe bearing capacity from a soil report: 200 kN/m²
- Category: Stress / pressure
Steps
- Convert to the base unit: 200 kN/m² × 1000 = 200,000 Pa.
- To kgf/cm²: 200,000 / 98,066.5 = 2.03943 kgf/cm².
- To t/m²: 200,000 / 9806.65 = 20.3943 t/m².
- To N/mm² (MPa): 200,000 / 1,000,000 = 0.2 N/mm².
- To psi: 200,000 / 6894.757 = 29.0075 psi.
Result: 200 kN/m² = 2.03943 kg/cm² = 20.3943 t/m² = 0.2 N/mm² = 29.0075 psi.
Enter the same values in the calculator above to check each step.
Frequently asked questions
How to convert kN/m² to kg/cm²?
Divide by 98.0665, because 1 kgf/cm² = 98,066.5 Pa = 98.0665 kN/m². So 1 kN/m² = 0.0101972 kg/cm², and a bearing capacity of 200 kN/m² is 2.03943 kg/cm². The kg/cm² used in Indian soil reports means kilogram-force per square centimetre.
How to convert psi to N/mm² (MPa)?
Multiply by 0.006894757, since 1 psi = 6894.757 Pa. A 3000 psi concrete strength is 3000 × 0.006894757 = 20.6843 N/mm². Note that US psi grades are cylinder strengths while Indian M grades are cube strengths, so the numbers are not directly comparable. Going the other way, 20 N/mm² is 2900.75 psi.
How many kgf are there in 1 kN?
1 kN = 1000 / 9.80665 = 101.972 kgf, or 0.101972 tonne-f. In moment terms, 100 kN·m = 10.1972 t·m, which is why 1 t·m is often approximated as 10 kN·m.
How to convert unit weight in kN/m³ to density in kg/m³?
Multiply by 1000 and divide by g = 9.80665. Reinforced concrete at 25 kN/m³ is 25 × 1000 / 9.80665 = 2549.29 kg/m³, or 159.147 lb/ft³.
How many square feet are in a katha and a bigha in Bihar?
On the Patna standard, 1 katha = 20 dhur = 1,361.25 ft² (126.46 m²) and 1 bigha = 20 katha = 27,225 ft² (2,529.3 m²), so 1 dhur = 68.0625 ft². The Bihar Revenue Department gives the Patna katha as approx. 1,361 ft² and says it varies from region to region: the size depends on the laggi (measuring pole), and other districts use larger or smaller kathas. Bihar land records state area in acres and decimals, so convert from the khatiyan figure where you have it. West Bengal and Assam bighas are both 14,400 ft²: 20 katha of 720 ft² in West Bengal, and 5 katha of 2,880 ft² in Assam's Brahmaputra Valley (the Barak Valley uses the 720 ft² katha).
How to convert acres, hectares, decimals and gaj?
1 acre = 43,560 ft² = 4046.86 m² = 100 decimals (or cents) = 40 guntha, and 1 hectare = 10,000 m² = 2.47105 acres. A decimal is 435.6 ft² and a gaj (square yard) is 9 ft², so a 1,361.25 ft² katha is 3.125 decimals or 151.25 gaj.
What can the unit converter not convert?
It only converts within the eight listed categories and only between the units shown in each, so volume, temperature, velocity, section modulus (mm³) and feet-and-inches input are not covered. It converts a single value at a time and does not convert between categories, such as kN/m² to kN/m, which needs a width or depth from you.